Medication–Meal Timing: An Underrecognized Determinant of Drug Efficacy and Safety

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63501/qb3ey096

Keywords:

Medication Intake Safety, Medication Meal Interactions, Pharmacotherapy, Drug Administration, Prescription

Abstract

The letter to the editor does not contain an abstract.

Author Biographies

  • Huda Faisal, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences‎

    Department of Medicine

  • Karan Chaman Lal, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences

    Department of Medicine

References

‎1.‎ Koziolek M, Alcaro S, Augustijns P, Basit AW, Grimm M, Hens B, et al. The mechanisms ‎of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions – A perspective from the UNGAP group. Eur J ‎Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2019 Jun 15 [cited 2026 Mar 16];134:31–59. Available from: ‎https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30974173/‎

‎2.‎ Wang Z, Xu W, Liu D, Li X, Liu S, Wu X, et al. Impact of Food Physical Properties on ‎Oral Drug Absorption: A Comprehensive Review. Drug Des Devel Ther [Internet]. 2025 ‎‎[cited 2026 Mar 16];19:267–80. Available from: ‎https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39834644/‎

‎3.‎ Kambayashi A, Shirasaka Y. Food effects on gastrointestinal physiology and drug ‎absorption. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet [Internet]. 2023 Feb 1 [cited 2026 Mar 16];48. ‎Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36737277/‎

‎4.‎ Wiesner A, Gajewska D, Paśko P. Levothyroxine Interactions with Food and Dietary ‎Supplements-A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited ‎‎2026 Mar 16];14(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33801406/‎

‎5.‎ The pharmacology and therapeutic utility of bisphosphonates - PubMed [Internet]. [cited ‎‎2026 Mar 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9692651/‎

‎6.‎ Foretz M, Guigas B, Viollet B. Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of ‎metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2019 Oct 1 [cited ‎‎2026 Mar 16];15(10):569–89. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31439934/‎

‎7.‎ Moore N, Pollack C, Butkerait P. Adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions with ‎over-the-counter NSAIDs. Ther Clin Risk Manag [Internet]. 2015 Jul 15 [cited 2026 Mar ‎‎16];11:1061–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26203254/‎

‎8.‎ Hedima EW, Okoro RN. Primary health care roles of community pharmacists in low- and ‎middle-income countries: A protocol for a mixed methods systematic review. J Am Pharm ‎Assoc [Internet]. 2023 Sep 1 [cited 2026 Mar 16];63(5):1448–51. Available from: ‎https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37336265/‎

‎9.‎ Osuala EC, Tlou B, Ojewole EB. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards drug-food ‎interactions among patients at public hospitals in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, South ‎Africa. Afr Health Sci [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2026 Mar 16];22(1):681–90. Available from: ‎https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36032453/‎

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Published

2026-06-22

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⁠Letters to the Editor

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